<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McIvor, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middleton, C. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrows, W. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orr, D. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coates, D. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stability and productivity of Stylosanthes pastures in Australia. I. Long-term botanical changes and their implications in grazed Stylosanthes pastures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tropical grasslands</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fertilizer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management options</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">north</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">queensland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid tropics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stocking rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">themeda-triandra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tropical savanna pastures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000072853400015</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">482-493</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0049-4763</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Published and unpublished data from northern Australia on the botanical changes in stylo-based pastures grazed for 5-15 years have been reviewed. Soil available-P status, soil type, grazing management, age of pasture and associated grass species all influenced the level of stylo in the pastures. In general on soils with &gt;4-5 ppm available P (bicarbonate extraction), the stylo component in oversewn native pastures increased over time. On those with low P levels, superphosphate improved stylo growth and hastened stylo dominance. Stylo dominance was achieved in many situations in 5-10 years, especially where Seca was sown. Light grazing may favour spread of stylo, especially Seca, initially, but over time pastures more heavily grazed also became stylo-dominant. Stylos on lighter textured soils within landscapes achieved dominance before heavier textured soils in low-lying areas. There, the vigour of associated grasses, waterlogging and frosting in subtropical areas delayed or prevented stylo dominance. Sown grasses, such as Sabi grass and buffel grass, and the naturalised grass, Bothriothloa pertusa (Bowen strain), unlike the native tufted species, prevented total stylo dominance, and in some cases, prevented the ingress of dicot weeds common to stylo-dominant pastures. Stylo-dominant pastures do not reduce animal gains greatly relative to those on mixed grass-stylo pastures except early in the rainy season. However, stylo-dominant pastures can be ecologically unstable and allow entry of undesirable dicot weeds and annual grasses. They may also provide poor ground cover to protect the soil during early wet season storms. Stylo-dominant pastures have shown increased acidification over time which may influence the soil profile down to 70 cm. This effect is reduced in association with persistent perennial grasses. Options to prevent stylo dominance include suitable burning strategies to manage Seca, grazing management to alleviate severe grazing of the perennial grasses in the early wet season and the use of grazing-tolerant sown grasses. None of these options has been tested widely within a grazing system. The use of superphosphate to improve grass production would be economically viable only on country of potentially high carrying capacity. Choice of perennial grass is important to ensure survival of the associated stylo and the maintenance of good animal production. The value of long-term grazing experiments far assessing the impact of botanical change has been demonstrated.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings Paper</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000072853400015</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: ZF007Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 48Cited References: BISHOP H, 1993, QUEENSLAND DEP PRIMA, P5 BISSET WJ, 1980, QUEENSLAND AGR J, V106, P507 COATES DB, 1990, TROPICAL GRASSLANDS, V24, P209 COATES DB, 1991, TROP GRASSLANDS, V25, P229 COATES DB, 1994, TROP GRASSLANDS, V28, P90 COATES DB, 1996, AUST J EXP AGR, V36, P781 COATES DB, 1997, TROP GRASSLANDS, V31, P494 DATE RA, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P243 DAVIES JG, 1964, COMMONWEATH BUREAU P, V47, P1 FISHER MJ, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P163 GARDENER CJ, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P333 GARDENER CJ, 1988, P AUSTR SOC ANIMAL P, V17, P190 GARDENER CJ, 1993, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V33, P561 GILLARD P, 1978, PLANT RELATIONS PAST, P340 GILLARD P, 1980, AUSTR J AGR RES, V31, P205 GILLARD P, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P405 GILLARD P, 1989, AGR SCI, V2, P34 HODGKINSON KC, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P45 HU F, 1995, THESIS J COOK U N QU JEHNE W, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P227 JONES RJ, 1981, ANN REPORT 1980 81, P106 JONES RJ, 1982, ANN REPORT 1981 82, P104 JONES RJ, 1987, ANN REPORT 1986 87, P77 JONES RJ, 1990, ANN REPORT 1988 89, P103 JONES RJ, 1993, P 17 INT GRASSL C PA, V3, P1897 JONES RM, 1993, TROP GRASSLANDS, V27, P65 JONES RM, 1995, AUST J EXP AGR, V35, P1029 KRETSCHMER AE, 1984, BIOL AGRONOMY STYLOS, P467 MANNETJE L, 1982, NUTR LIMITS ANIMAL P, P67 MCIVOR JG, 1981, AUSTR J EXPT AGR ANI, V21, P417 MCIVOR JG, 1984, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V24, P370 MCIVOR JG, 1984, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V24, P571 MCIVOR JG, 1995, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V35, P55 MCIVOR JG, 1995, AUST J EXP AGR, V35, P705 MIDDLETON CH, 1993, P 17 INT GRASSL C PA, V3, P1994 MOTT JJ, 1987, GRAZING LANDS RES PL, P153 MOTT JJ, 1992, AUST J AGR RES, V43, P241 ORR DM, 1993, P 17 INT GRASSL C PA, V3, P1906 SCANLAN JC, 1990, AUST J ECOL, V15, P191 STURTZ JD, 1975, TROPICAL GRASSLANDS, V9, P83 TAYLOR JA, 1993, P 17 INT GRASSL C PA, V3, P1932 THOMSON DP, 1983, TROP GRASSLANDS, V17, P3 TORRSELL BWR, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P71 WINKS L, 1974, AUSTRALIAN J EXPT AG, V14, P146 WINTER WH, 1989, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V29, P613 WINTER WH, 1989, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V29, P623 WINTER WH, 1989, AUST J EXP AGR ANIM, V29, P631 WINTER WH, 1990, TROP GRASSLANDS, V24, P170Tropical grassland soc austSt lucia</style></notes></record></records></xml>